Typewriters Vs Computers Essay Research Paper TYPEWRITERS free essay sample

Typewriters Vs. Computers Essay, Research Paper Typewriters: AN ENDANGERED SPECIES? For good over a decennary, experts in office mechanization have predicted the death of the typewriter. In their position the computing machine is destined to tale over the word processing function enjoyed by the typewriter for over a century. Yet, a recent study ( Fernberg, 1989, 49-50 ) indicates that electronic typewriter cargos over the last three old ages averaged about a billion dollars a twelvemonth. Further, the Computer and Business Equipment Manufacturers # 8217 ; Association undertakings that the one-year growing rate will stay changeless at 1.5 per centum over the following five old ages. With gross revenues keeping steady at over a million units a twelvemonth, the electronic typewriter does non look endangered. It is likely here to stay-and for good grounds. Typewriter Familiarity Virtually anyone who has learned to identify can sit down at the electronic typewriter and within a few proceedingss operate it with astonishing easiness and velocity. We will write a custom essay sample on Typewriters Vs Computers Essay Research Paper TYPEWRITERS or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Harmonizing to Paez ( 1985, 55 ) : A familiar keyboard, which requires fewer key strokes and has a simpler, less code-intensive user interface, makes the Transition to a high-end typewriter much easier than the Passage to a personal computing machine with the same maps. Typewriter Flexibility An electronic typewriter can execute some maps computing machines can non, but a personal computing machine ( Personal computer ) can non be used a mere typewriter ( nor should it be ) . Possibly that is why one big study found that 85 % of secretaries who use PC # 8217 ; s besides use typewrite R. Using microchip engineering, sophisticated electronic typewriters can execute many of the automatic maps and redacting maps of which computing machines are capable. Automatic maps. Among the characteristics of electronic typewriters are automatic focus, right border justifying, and hang-indenting/ these characteristics are available on computing machines every bit good, but some users of both sorts of equipment say that the typewriter is more â€Å"user friendly.† Editing Functions. Some electronic typewriters permit operators to backspace/delete, insert transcript, move transcript from one topographic point to another, and hunt and replace specific words or footings in a papers. Some are equipped with templets that make form fill-in easy ; others permit the meeting of information from different beginnings. All these maps are performed without rekeying paperss. Typewriter Sophistication Electronic typewriters range from low-end machines with full-page shows, floppy storage, and complete text-editing capablenesss. The monetary value scope varies with the sum of advanced characteristics included. Some machines are upgradable so that the appropriate degree of edification can be obtained without replacing machines. Audion, Mark. # 8220 ; Using Electronic Typewriters: the Basics, Plus? . # 8221 ; Today # 8217 ; s Office, July 1986, 55-64. Fernberg, Patricia M. # 8220 ; Electronic Typewriters: Understanding the Product. # 8221 ; Modern Office Technology, March 1989, 48-50. Paez, Patricia. # 8220 ; Typewriters: Technology with an Easy Touch. # 8221 ; Today # 8217 ; s Office, September 1985, 55-72.

Language Notes on the Use of Aint in English

Language Notes on the Use of Aint in English As far as I know, only one rule of English usage has ever made its way into a childrens jump-rope rhyme: Dont say aint or your mother will faint,Your father will fall in a bucket of paint,Your sister will cry, your brother will die,Your cat and dog will call the FBI. Though frequently heard in casual speech, aint has been described as the most stigmatized word in English. Dictionaries usually label it dialectal or nonstandard, while some purists even deny its right to exist, insisting that aint isnt a word. What is it about this simple negative contraction that agitates language mavens and spreads fear on the playground? As these notes demonstrate, the answer is surprisingly complex. Grammar and Usage[The] two meanings of grammarhow the language functions and how it ought to functionare easily confused. To clarify the distinction, consider the expression aint. Unless used intentionally to add colloquial flavor, aint is unacceptable because its use is considered nonstandard. Yet taken strictly as a part of speech, the term functions perfectly well as a verb. Whether it appears in a declarative sentence (I aint going) or an interrogative sentence (Aint I going?), it conforms to the normal pattern for all verbs in the English language. Although readers may not approve of its use, they cannot argue that it is ungrammatical in such sentences.(Gerald J. Alred, Charles T. Brusaw, and Walter E. Oliu, Handbook of Technical Writing, 10th ed. Bedford/St. Martins, 2012) A Brief History of AintAint has had an unusual history. Its a shortened form of several wordsam not, are not, is not, has not and have not. It appears in written English in the 18th century in various plays and novels, first as ant and then as aint. During the 19th century, it was widely used in representations of regional dialect, especially Cockney speech in the UK, and became a distinctive feature of colloquial American English. But when we look at who is using the form in 19th-century novels, such as those by Dickens and Trollope, we find that the characters are often professional and upper-class. Thats unusual: to find a form simultaneously used at both ends of the social spectrum. Even as recently as 1907, in a commentary on society called The Social Fetich, Lady Agnes Grove was defending aint I as respectable upper-class colloquial speechand condemning arent I!She was in a rapidly diminishing minority. Prescriptive grammarians had taken against aint, and it would soon become universally condemned as a leading marker of uneducated usage.(David Crystal, The Story of English in 100 Words. St. Martins Press, 2012) Collocational AintIn Present-Day English, aint is stigmatized even though linguistically it is formed by the same rule speakers use to form arent and other nonstigmatized contracted auxiliary verbs. . . . [T]here is nothing linguistically wrong with it; in fact, aint is used by many speakers in certain fixed expressions and to convey a certain rhetorical effect: It aint over yet! You aint seen nothing yet! If it aint broke, dont fix it.(Kristin Denham and Anne Lobeck, Linguistics for Everyone: An Introduction. Wadsworth, 2010 Prissy, Ridiculous, and Unpopular Alternatives to Aint I?As linguistic scholars have frequently pointed out, it is unfortunate that aint I? is unpopular in educated speech, for the phrase fills a long-felt need. Am I not? is too prissy for down-to-earth people; amnt I? is ridiculous; and arent I?, though popular in England, has never really caught on in America. With a sentence like the one under discussion [Im your best friend, aint I?] you are practically in a linguistic trapthere is no way out unless you are willing to choose between appearing illiterate, sounding prissy, or feeling ridiculous.(Norman Lewis, Word Power Made Easy. Simon Schuster, 1979) Class ActsA correlation exists between the use of aint and social class, i.e. it is more frequent in lower-class speech. In upper-class speech it is indicative of a personal relationship and an informal situation . . . and is employed when the other person knows that the speaker is using aint for stylistic effect, rather than from ignorance or lack of education (Feagin 1979: 217). Since the form is such a strong school-induced shibboleth, informants tend to suppress it in (more formal) interview situations.(Traute Ewers, The Origin of American Black English: Be-Forms in the Hoodoo Texts. Walter de Gruyter, 1995) Gender ActsThere is still in the American popular mind a notion that aint, for all its faults, is masculine, while arent is not simply feminine, but effeminate. In Thomas Bergers novel The Feud (1983), Tony, a high school student, finds that good grammar must take a back seat to his public sexual identity. Tony defends his use of the masculine aint against his girlfriend Eva s objection that it is a sign of ignorance: I dont like to talk like a girl. Somebody might think I was a pansy.(Dennis E. Baron, Grammar and Gender. Yale University Press, 1986) And that aint all. But for now well have to agree with the editors of The American Heritage Book of English Usage: Aint is a word that aint had it easy.